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                        <h1 id="41-对话">4.1 对话</h1>
<p><del>？？？？？一分钟？？</del></p>
<h1 id="42-问候语">4.2 问候语</h1>
<p>ciao 打招呼(hi, 非正式)、告别(bye，可双写ciao ciao=bye bye)，任何时候<br>
buongiorno 你好，正式和非正式，早上到下午（模糊），buon好的，giorno一天<br>
buon pomeriggio 下午好，比较正式的说法，一般用于下午5点之前<br>
buonasera  晚上<br>
salve! 你好! 不分场合是否正式，在对话中可以代替ciao，也可以代替buongiorno或buonasera<br>
buonanotte 晚安 只用于晚上的告别，不能用于打招呼<br>
buona serata 祝有个美好的夜晚<br>
Buonanotte e sogni(梦) d&rsquo;oro 晚安，祝好梦<br>
arrivederci 再见，正式（朋友之间也可以用，很少），不是很熟的朋友</p>
<h1 id="43-自我介绍">4.3 自我介绍</h1>
<blockquote>
<p>Io sono Paolo.<br>
我 是 Paolo。</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Du sei Anna.<br>
你 是 Anna。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>动词变位（意大利语中是普遍现象，6个不一样，我你他及对应复数）</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Mi chiamo Paolo. 
我名叫Paolo.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Ti chiami Anna.<br>
你名叫Anna.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>chiamarsi 名叫</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Come ti chiami? 	你如何称呼？<br>
Come si chiama lei? 您怎么称呼？<br>
如何  称呼自己  您</p>
</blockquote>
<p>nome 名字 cognome 姓<br>
Il mio nome e'<cognome nome></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Paolo e' il mio nome<br>
Paolo是我的名<br>
Bianchi e' il mio cognome<br>
Bianchi是我的姓</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>注意</strong>: 1.当称呼他人的时候带有头衔，这时应称呼姓，而不是名。<br>
2.在意大利语中并不总是名在姓前的。</p>
<h1 id="44-名词的性数">4.4 名词的性数</h1>
<blockquote>
<p>Io sono studenti(男学生)<br>
Io sono studentessa(女学生)<br>
普遍现象</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>名词的性≠性别</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>名词是单词的一种分类</li>
<li>单词是没有性别的</li>
<li>名词也是没有性别的，名词的性指genere，是名词的<strong>一种分类</strong></li>
<li>我们把一类名词叫做阳性，一类名词叫做阴性</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="从名词的意思出发">从名词的意思出发</h2>
<p>名词的意义所指代的事物，有的是有性别的，有的是没有性别的<br>
男性-阳性， 女性-阴性（名词的意义）</p>
<p>本身意义没有性别的，词性和意义没有关系</p>
<p><strong>注意❗</strong>: 在某些场合，虽然是女人，但我们仍然用阳性名词来称呼，这是由于语言发展的历史背景决定的</p>
<p>如：头衔(阳性)</p>
<h2 id="从名词的词尾出发">从名词的词尾出发</h2>
<ol>
<li>以&rsquo;o&rsquo;结尾的名词一般为<strong>阳</strong>性，例外：
<ul>
<li>biro 圆珠笔</li>
<li>mano 手</li>
<li>radio 无线电</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>以&rsquo;a&rsquo;结尾的名词一般为<strong>阴</strong>性，例外：
<ul>
<li>panorama 全景</li>
<li>sistema 系统</li>
<li>cinema 电影院</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>以&rsquo;e&rsquo;结尾的名词，有<strong>阳</strong>有<strong>阴</strong></li>
<li>以&rsquo;e&rsquo;结尾的<strong>固定搭配</strong>一定为<strong>阴性</strong>名词
<ul>
<li>-zione</li>
<li>-sione</li>
<li>-tione</li>
<li>-trice</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>以&rsquo;à&rsquo;结尾的名词为阴性名词</li>
<li>所有以&rsquo;i&rsquo;结尾的单数名词为阴性</li>
</ol>

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